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Afghanistan
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Afghanistan
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Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in increased democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country’s civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN. A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan, and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. KARZAI was reelected in August 2009 for a second term. The 2014 presidential election was the country’s first to include a runoff, which featured the top two vote-getters from the first round, Abdullah ABDULLAH and Ashraf GHANI. Throughout the summer of 2014, their campaigns disputed the results and traded accusations of fraud, leading to a US-led diplomatic intervention that included a full vote audit as well as political negotiations between the two camps. In September 2014, GHANI and ABDULLAH agreed to form the Government of National Unity, with GHANI inaugurated as president and ABDULLAH elevated to the newly-created position of chief executive officer. The day after the inauguration, the GHANI administration signed the US-Afghan Bilateral Security Agreement and NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which provide the legal basis for the post-2014 international military presence in Afghanistan. After two postponements, the next presidential election was held in September 2019. The Taliban remains a serious challenge for the Afghan Government in almost every province. The Taliban still considers itself the rightful government of Afghanistan, and it remains a capable and confident insurgent force fighting for the withdrawal of foreign military forces from Afghanistan, establishment of sharia law, and rewriting of the Afghan constitution. In 2019, negotiations between the US and the Taliban in Doha entered their highest level yet, building on momentum that began in late 2018. Underlying the negotiations is the unsettled state of Afghan politics, and prospects for a sustainable political settlement remain unclear.
Source:
World Factbook
2020
Images:
Maps
Joshua Project
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Afghanistan Languages
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Afghanistan
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Afghanistan Population
People Groups
Afghan, Tajik
Afshari
Aimaq
Americans, U.S.
Ansari
Arab, Tajiki
Arora (Hindu traditions)
Baloch, Western
Bania (Muslim traditions)
Brahmin
Brahui
British
Changgar
Darwazi, Badakhshani
Deaf
Garwi, Kohistani
Gujar (Muslim traditions)
Hazara
Ishkashimi
Kalash (Chitrali)
Karakalpak
Kazakh
Khatri (Sikh traditions)
Khik (Wakhi)
Kurd, Central
Kyrgyz
Moghal
Munji
Mussali
Narisati, Arandui
Nuristani Narisati
Nuristani, Ashkuni
Nuristani, Grangali
Nuristani, Kamviri
Nuristani, Malakhel
Nuristani, Prasuni
Nuristani, Tregami
Nuristani, Waigeli
Ormuri
Pahlavani
Parachi
Parsee
Parya, Laghmani
Pashayi
Pashayi, Northeast
Pashayi, Northwest
Pashayi, Southeast
Pashayi, Southwest
Pashtun, Northern
Pashtun, Southern
Persian
Punjabi
Punjabi, Western
Qasilbash
Romani, Balkan
Romani, Domari
Russian
Sanglechi
Sau
Shughni
Shumashti
Sindhi
Tangshuri
Tirahi
Turk
Turkmen
Uyghur
Uzbek, Southern
Warduji
Wotapuri-Katarqalai
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Afghanistan map (World Factbook)
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Afghanistan map (World Factbook, modified)
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Languages of South Asia- Pashto
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Languages of South Asia- Punjabi
Videos
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Afghanistan (Prayercast)
Other
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Afghanistan (Operation World)
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Afghanistan (World Factbook website)
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Afghanistan (WorldBank)
This product was added to our catalog on Monday 14 September, 2020.
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